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| Строка 1: |
Строка 1: |
| - | In this part of the PyGTK programming tutorial, we will introduce some more advanced widgets in PyGTK.
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| | | | |
| - | == IconView ==
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| - | The <b>IconView</b> is a widget which displays a list of icons in a grid.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example demonstrates the IconView widget.
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| - | # It shows the contents of the currently selected
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| - | # directory on the disk.
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | import os
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| - |
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| - | COL_PATH = 0
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| - | COL_PIXBUF = 1
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| - | COL_IS_DIRECTORY = 2
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.set_size_request(650, 400)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - |
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.set_title("IconView")
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| - |
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| - | self.current_directory = '/'
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| - |
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 0);
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| - |
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| - | toolbar = gtk.Toolbar()
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| - | vbox.pack_start(toolbar, False, False, 0)
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| - |
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| - | self.upButton = gtk.ToolButton(gtk.STOCK_GO_UP);
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| - | self.upButton.set_is_important(True)
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| - | self.upButton.set_sensitive(False)
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| - | toolbar.insert(self.upButton, -1)
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| - |
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| - | homeButton = gtk.ToolButton(gtk.STOCK_HOME)
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| - | homeButton.set_is_important(True)
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| - | toolbar.insert(homeButton, -1)
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| - |
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| - | self.fileIcon = self.get_icon(gtk.STOCK_FILE)
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| - | self.dirIcon = self.get_icon(gtk.STOCK_OPEN)
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| - |
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| - | sw = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
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| - | sw.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_ETCHED_IN)
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| - | sw.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
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| - | vbox.pack_start(sw, True, True, 0)
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| - |
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| - | self.store = self.create_store()
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| - | self.fill_store()
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| - |
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| - | iconView = gtk.IconView(self.store)
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| - | iconView.set_selection_mode(gtk.SELECTION_MULTIPLE)
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| - |
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| - | self.upButton.connect("clicked", self.on_up_clicked)
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| - | homeButton.connect("clicked", self.on_home_clicked)
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| - |
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| - | iconView.set_text_column(COL_PATH)
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| - | iconView.set_pixbuf_column(COL_PIXBUF)
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| - |
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| - | iconView.connect("item-activated", self.on_item_activated)
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| - | sw.add(iconView)
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| - | iconView.grab_focus()
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| - |
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| - | self.add(vbox)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - | def get_icon(self, name):
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| - | theme = gtk.icon_theme_get_default()
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| - | return theme.load_icon(name, 48, 0)
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | def create_store(self):
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| - | store = gtk.ListStore(str, gtk.gdk.Pixbuf, bool)
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| - | store.set_sort_column_id(COL_PATH, gtk.SORT_ASCENDING)
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| - | return store
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | def fill_store(self):
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| - | self.store.clear()
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| - |
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| - | if self.current_directory == None:
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| - | return
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| - |
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| - | for fl in os.listdir(self.current_directory):
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| - |
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| - | if not fl[0] == '.':
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| - | if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(self.current_directory, fl)):
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| - | self.store.append([fl, self.dirIcon, True])
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| - | else:
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| - | self.store.append([fl, self.fileIcon, False])
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| - |
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | def on_home_clicked(self, widget):
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| - | self.current_directory = os.path.realpath(os.path.expanduser('~'))
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| - | self.fill_store()
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| - | self.upButton.set_sensitive(True)
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | def on_item_activated(self, widget, item):
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| - |
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| - | model = widget.get_model()
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| - | path = model[item][COL_PATH]
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| - | isDir = model[item][COL_IS_DIRECTORY]
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| - |
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| - | if not isDir:
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| - | return
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| - |
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| - | self.current_directory = self.current_directory + os.path.sep + path
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| - | self.fill_store()
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| - | self.upButton.set_sensitive(True)
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | def on_up_clicked(self, widget):
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| - | self.current_directory = os.path.dirname(self.current_directory)
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| - | self.fill_store()
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| - | sensitive = True
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| - | if self.current_directory == "/": sensitive = False
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| - | self.upButton.set_sensitive(sensitive)
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This example shows icons of the currently selected directory. It has a toolbar and two buttons. Up button and home button. We use them to navigate through the file system.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.current_directory = '/'
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | The <b>current_directory</b> is the directory, that is displayed by the <b>IconView</b> widget.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | def create_store(self):
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| - | store = gtk.ListStore(str, gtk.gdk.Pixbuf, bool)
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| - | store.set_sort_column_id(COL_PATH, gtk.SORT_ASCENDING)
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| - | return store
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | The <b>ListStore</b>. It is a data model used in <b>IconView</b> widget. It takes three parameters. The directory name, the pixbuf image of the icon and a bool variable, indicating, whether we have a directory or a file.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | if not fl[0] == '.':
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| - | if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(self.current_directory, fl)):
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| - | self.store.append([fl, self.dirIcon, True])
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| - | else:
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| - | self.store.append([fl, self.fileIcon, False])
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the <b>fill_store()</b> method, we fill the list store with data. Here, we find out all directories in the current path. We exclude the invisible directories, which begin with '.'.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | def on_home_clicked(self, widget):
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| - | self.current_directory = os.path.realpath(os.path.expanduser('~'))
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| - | self.fill_store()
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| - | self.upButton.set_sensitive(True)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | If we click on the home button, the home directory becomes a current directory. We refill the list store. And make the up button active.
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| - |
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| - | In the <b>on_item_activated()</b> method, we react to an event, which is generated, when we click on a icon from the icon view widget.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | model = widget.get_model()
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| - | path = model[item][COL_PATH]
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| - | isDir = model[item][COL_IS_DIRECTORY]
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| - |
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| - | if not isDir:
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| - | return
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We get the path of the activated item. And we determine, if it is a directory or a file. If it is a file, we return.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.current_directory = self.current_directory + os.path.sep + path
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| - | self.fill_store()
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| - | self.upButton.set_sensitive(True)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In case it is a directory, we replace the root with the current path, refill the store and make the up button sensitive.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | def on_up_clicked(self, widget):
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| - | self.current_directory = os.path.dirname(self.current_directory)
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| - | self.fill_store()
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| - | sensitive = True
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| - | if self.current_directory == "/": sensitive = False
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| - | self.upButton.set_sensitive(sensitive)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | If we click on the up button, we replace the current directory with it's parent directory. Refill the list store. And the up button is activated, if we are below the root (/) directory of the file system.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_iconview.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == ListView ==
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| - | In the following example, we use the <b>TreeView</b> widget to show a list view. Again the <b>ListStore</b> is used to store data.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows a TreeView widget
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| - | # in a list view mode
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - |
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| - | actresses = [('jessica alba', 'pomona', '1981'), ('sigourney weaver', 'new york', '1949'),
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| - | ('angelina jolie', 'los angeles', '1975'), ('natalie portman', 'jerusalem', '1981'),
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| - | ('rachel weiss', 'london', '1971'), ('scarlett johansson', 'new york', '1984' )]
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.set_size_request(350, 250)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - |
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.set_title("ListView")
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| - |
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 8)
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| - |
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| - | sw = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
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| - | sw.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_ETCHED_IN)
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| - | sw.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
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| - |
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| - | vbox.pack_start(sw, True, True, 0)
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| - |
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| - | store = self.create_model()
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| - |
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| - | treeView = gtk.TreeView(store)
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| - | treeView.connect("row-activated", self.on_activated)
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| - | treeView.set_rules_hint(True)
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| - | sw.add(treeView)
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| - |
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| - | self.create_columns(treeView)
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| - | self.statusbar = gtk.Statusbar()
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| - |
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| - | vbox.pack_start(self.statusbar, False, False, 0)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(vbox)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - | def create_model(self):
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| - | store = gtk.ListStore(str, str, str)
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| - | for act in actresses:
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| - | store.append([act[0], act[1], act[2]])
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| - | return store
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| - |
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| - | def create_columns(self, treeView):
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| - | rendererText = gtk.CellRendererText()
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| - | column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Name", rendererText, text=0)
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| - | column.set_sort_column_id(0)
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| - | treeView.append_column(column)
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| - |
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| - | rendererText = gtk.CellRendererText()
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| - | column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Place", rendererText, text=1)
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| - | column.set_sort_column_id(1)
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| - | treeView.append_column(column)
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| - |
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| - | rendererText = gtk.CellRendererText()
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| - | column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Year", rendererText, text=2)
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| - | column.set_sort_column_id(2)
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| - | treeView.append_column(column)
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| - | def on_activated(self, widget, row, col):
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| - | model = widget.get_model()
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| - | text = model[row][0] + ", " + model[row][1] + ", " + model[row][2]
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| - | self.statusbar.push(0, text)
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In our example, we show a list of six actresses in the <b>TreeView</b> widget. Each of the rows shows the name, the place of born and the year of born for each of them.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | def create_model(self):
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| - | store = gtk.ListStore(str, str, str)
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| - | for act in actresses:
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| - | store.append([act[0], act[1], act[2]])
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| - |
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| - | return store
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the <b>create_model()</b> method, we create the list store. The list store has three parameters. The name of the actress, the place of born and year of born. This is the data model of our <b>TreeView</b> widget.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | treeView = gtk.TreeView(store)
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| - | treeView.connect("row-activated", self.on_activated)
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| - | treeView.set_rules_hint(True)
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Here we create the <b>TreeView</b> widget, taking the list store as a parameter. <b>set_rules_hint()</b> method changes the background color of the every second row in the <b>TreeView</b> widget.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | rendererText = gtk.CellRendererText()
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| - |
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| - | column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("Name", rendererText, text=0)
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| - | column.set_sort_column_id(0)
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| - | treeView.append_column(column)
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the <b>create_columns()</b> method, we add three columns to our <b>TreeView</b> widget. The above code creates a column displaying names of the actresses. The <b>CellRendererText</b> retrieves its text from the first column of the tree model. (text=0)
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | def on_activated(self, widget, row, col):
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| - |
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| - | model = widget.get_model()
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| - | text = model[row][0] + ", " + model[row][1] + ", " + model[row][2]
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| - | self.statusbar.push(0, text)
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | If we double click on an item, we display the whole row in the statusbar.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_listview.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Tree ==
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| - | In the last example of this chapter, we use the <b>TreeView</b> widget to show a hierarchical tree of data.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows a TreeView widget
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| - | # in a tree view mode
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.set_size_request(400, 300)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - |
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.set_title("Tree")
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| - |
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| - | tree = gtk.TreeView()
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| - |
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| - | languages = gtk.TreeViewColumn()
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| - | languages.set_title("Programming languages")
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| - |
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| - | cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
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| - | languages.pack_start(cell, True)
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| - | languages.add_attribute(cell, "text", 0)
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| - |
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| - | treestore = gtk.TreeStore(str)
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| - |
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| - | it = treestore.append(None, ["Scripting languages"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["Python"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["PHP"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["Perl"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["Ruby"])
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| - |
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| - | it = treestore.append(None, ["Compiling languages"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["C#"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["C++"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["C"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["Java"])
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| - |
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| - | tree.append_column(languages)
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| - | tree.set_model(treestore)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(tree)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This time we use the <b>TreeView</b> widget to show hierarchical data.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | tree = gtk.TreeView()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | <b>TreeView</b> widget is created.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | languages = gtk.TreeViewColumn()
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| - | languages.set_title("Programming languages")
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | It has one column named "Programming languages".
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | cell = gtk.CellRendererText()
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| - | languages.pack_start(cell, True)
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| - | languages.add_attribute(cell, "text", 0)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We show textual data in the <b>TreeView</b> widget.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | treestore = gtk.TreeStore(str)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | To store the data, we use the <b>TreeStore</b> object.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | it = treestore.append(None, ["Scripting languages"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["Python"])
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| - | treestore.append(it, ["PHP"])
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We append data to the tree. The <b>TreeIter</b> object is used for accessing data in a row.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | tree.append_column(languages)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | A column is appended to the tree.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | tree.set_model(treestore)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Finally, we set a data model for the tree widget.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_tree.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | In this chapter of the PyGTK programming tutorial, we were talking about advanced PyGTK widgets.
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| - |
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| - | [[Категория:Python]]
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| - | [[Категория:GTK+]]
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