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| - | In this part of the PyGTK programming tutorial, we will explore the Pango library.
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| - |
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| - | Pango is a free and open source computing library for rendering internationalized texts in high quality. Different font backends can be used, allowing cross-platform support.
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| - | (wikipedia) Pango provides advanced font and text handling that is used for <b>Gdk</b> and <b>Gtk</b>.
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| - |
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| - | == Simple example ==
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| - | In our first example, we show, how to change font for our label widget.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows how to modify
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| - | # the font of a label
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | import pango
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| - |
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| - | quotes = """Excess of joy is harder to bear than any amount of sorrow.
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| - | The more one judges, the less one loves.
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| - | There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power.
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| - | """
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.set_title("Quotes")
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| - |
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| - | label = gtk.Label(quotes)
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| - | gtk.gdk.beep()
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| - |
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| - | fontdesc = pango.FontDescription("Purisa 10")
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| - | label.modify_font(fontdesc)
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| - |
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| - | fix = gtk.Fixed()
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| - |
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| - | fix.put(label, 5, 5)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(fix)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the above code example, we have a label widget with three quotations. We change it's font to Purisa 10.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | quotes = """Excess of joy is harder to bear than any amount of sorrow.
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| - | The more one judges, the less one loves.
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| - | There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power.
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| - | """
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This is the text to show in the label.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | fontdesc = pango.FontDescription("Purisa 10")
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | The <b>FontDescription</b> is used to specify the characteristics of a font.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | label.modify_font(fontdesc)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We change the font of the label widget to Purisa 10.
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_quotations.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == System fonts ==
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| - | The next code example shows all available fonts in a <b>TreeView</b> widget.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example lists all available
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| - | # fonts on a system in a TreeView widget
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | import pango
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.set_size_request(350, 250)
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| - | self.set_border_width(8)
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.set_title("System fonts")
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| - |
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| - | sw = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
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| - | sw.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_ETCHED_IN)
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| - | sw.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
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| - |
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| - | context = self.create_pango_context()
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| - | self.fam = context.list_families()
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| - |
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| - | store = self.create_model()
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| - |
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| - | treeView = gtk.TreeView(store)
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| - | treeView.set_rules_hint(True)
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| - | sw.add(treeView)
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| - |
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| - | self.create_column(treeView)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(sw)
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| - |
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | def create_column(self, treeView):
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| - | rendererText = gtk.CellRendererText()
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| - | column = gtk.TreeViewColumn("FontName", rendererText, text=0)
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| - | column.set_sort_column_id(0)
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| - | treeView.append_column(column)
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| - |
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| - | def create_model(self):
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| - | store = gtk.ListStore(str)
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| - |
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| - | for ff in self.fam:
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| - | store.append([ff.get_name()])
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| - |
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| - | return store
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | The code example shows all available fonts on a system.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | context = self.create_pango_context()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This code line creates a pango context object. It contains global information about the rendering process of text.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - |
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| - | self.fam = context.list_families()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | From the context object, we retrieve all available font families.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | for ff in self.fam:
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| - | store.append([ff.get_name()])
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | During the model creation of the <b>TreeView</b> widget, we get all font names from the array of font families and put them into the list store.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_systemfonts.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Unicode ==
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| - | Pango is used to work with internationalized text.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example displays text
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| - | # in azbuka
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | import pango
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| - |
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| - | obj = unicode(u'''Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский родился 30 октября (11 ноября)
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| - | 1821 года в Москве. Был вторым из 7 детей. Отец, Михаил Андреевич,
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| - | работал вгоспитале для бедных. Мать, Мария Фёдоровна
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| - | (в девичестве Нечаева), происходила из купеческого рода.''')
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.set_title("Unicode")
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| - |
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| - | label = gtk.Label(obj.encode('utf-8'))
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| - |
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| - | fontdesc = pango.FontDescription("Purisa 10")
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| - | label.modify_font(fontdesc)
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| - |
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| - | fix = gtk.Fixed()
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| - |
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| - | fix.put(label, 5, 5)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(fix)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We show some text in azbuka.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In order to work directly with internationalized text in the source code, we must provide this magic comment. Note, that it must be on the first or the second line.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | obj = unicode(u'''Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский родился 30 октября (11 ноября)
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| - | 1821 года в Москве. Был вторым из 7 детей. Отец, Михаил Андреевич,
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| - | работал вгоспитале для бедных. Мать, Мария Фёдоровна
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| - | (в девичестве Нечаева), происходила из купеческого рода.''')
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This is text in azbuka.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | Label label = new Label(text);
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We put encoded text into the label.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_unicode.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | == Attributes ==
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| - | Pango attribute is an attribute that applies to a section of text.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # In this program we work with
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| - | # pango attributes
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | import pango
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| - |
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| - | text = "Valour fate kinship darkness"
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | self.set_title("Attributes")
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| - |
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| - | label = gtk.Label(text)
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| - |
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| - | attr = pango.AttrList()
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| - |
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| - | fg_color = pango.AttrForeground(65535, 0, 0, 0, 6)
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| - | underline = pango.AttrUnderline(pango.UNDERLINE_DOUBLE, 7, 11)
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| - | bg_color = pango.AttrBackground(40000, 40000, 40000, 12, 19)
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| - | strike = pango.AttrStrikethrough(True, 20, 29)
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| - | size = pango.AttrSize(30000, 0, -1)
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| - |
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| - | attr.insert(fg_color)
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| - | attr.insert(underline)
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| - | attr.insert(bg_color)
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| - | attr.insert(size)
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| - | attr.insert(strike)
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| - |
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| - | label.set_attributes(attr)
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| - |
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| - | fix = gtk.Fixed()
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| - |
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| - | fix.put(label, 5, 5)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(fix)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the code example we show four different attributes applied
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| - | on the text.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | attr = pango.AttrList()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Pango attribute list is an object for holding attributes.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | fg_color = pango.AttrForeground(65535, 0, 0, 0, 6)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | Here we create an attribute that will render text in red color. The first three parameters are the R, G, B values of a color. The last two parameters are the start and end indexes of the text, to which we apply this attribute.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | label.set_attributes(attr)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We set the list of attributes for the label.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_attributes.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | In this chapter of the PyGTK programming library, we worked with pango library.
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| - |
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| - | == Animated text ==
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| - | The following example shows animated text on window.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows animated text
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | import glib
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| - | import pango
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| - | import math
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - | glib.timeout_add(160, self.on_timer)
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| - |
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| - | self.count = 1
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| - |
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| - | self.set_border_width(10)
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| - | self.set_title("ZetCode")
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| - |
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| - | self.label = gtk.Label("ZetCode")
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| - |
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| - | fontdesc = pango.FontDescription("Serif Bold 30")
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| - | self.label.modify_font(fontdesc)
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| - |
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 0)
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| - | vbox.add(self.label)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(vbox)
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| - | self.set_size_request(300, 250)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - | def on_timer(self):
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| - | attr = pango.AttrList()
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| - | self.count = self.count + 1
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| - |
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| - | for i in range(7):
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| - | r = pango.AttrRise(int(math.sin(self.count+i)*20)*pango.SCALE, i, i+1)
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| - | attr.insert(r)
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| - |
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| - | self.label.set_attributes(attr)
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| - | return True
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the above code example, we have a text in a label widget. By continuously changing its pango attributes, the text is being animated.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | self.label = gtk.Label("ZetCode")
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| - |
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| - | fontdesc = pango.FontDescription("Serif Bold 30")
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| - | self.label.modify_font(fontdesc)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We create a label widget and modify its font. We choose a bit larger text for better visibility.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 0)
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| - | vbox.add(self.label)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We put the label into the vertical box. This centers the label on the window.
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| - |
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| - | The animation is performed inside the <b>on_timer()</b> method.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | for i in range(7):
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| - | r = pango.AttrRise(int(math.sin(self.count+i)*20)*pango.SCALE, i, i+1)
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| - | attr.insert(r)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We have seven characters in our text. We periodically change the pango <b>AttrRise</b> attribute for each character. The rise is based on the trigonometric sine function. The text movement follows the sine function graphed on the cartesian graph.
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| - |
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| - | Also notice the <b>pango.SCALE</b> constant. The pango library has its own units. They differ from what is used by the widgets to draw graphics or text. We must multiply our numbers by this constant.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_sine.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Using markup language ==
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| - | We can change the attributes of the text using the built-in markup language.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example uses markup language
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| - | # to change attributes of the text
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | import pango
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| - |
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| - | quote = "<span foreground='blue' size='19000'>The only victory over love is flight</span>"
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| - |
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| - |
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| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
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| - |
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| - | self.set_title("Markup")
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| - | self.set_border_width(5)
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| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
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| - |
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| - | label = gtk.Label()
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| - | label.set_markup(quote)
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| - |
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| - | vbox = gtk.VBox(False, 0)
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| - | vbox.add(label)
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| - |
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| - | self.add(vbox)
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| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
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| - | self.show_all()
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| - |
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| - | PyApp()
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| - | gtk.main()
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | In the code example, we have a label. We change the it's text attributes with the markup language.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | quote = "<span foreground='blue' size='19000'>The only victory over love is flight</span>"
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| - |
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | This is the text with the markup language.
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| - |
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | label = gtk.Label()
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| - | label.set_markup(quote)
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| - | </source>
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| - |
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| - | We create a label widget and set a markup text for it.
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| - |
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| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_markup.png | center]]
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| - |
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| - | == Pango layout ==
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| - | Pango layout is an object representing a paragraph of text with attributes.
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| - | <source lang="python">
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| - | #!/usr/bin/python
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| - | # ZetCode PyGTK tutorial
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| - | #
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| - | # This example shows pango Layout
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| - | # in action
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| - | #
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| - | # author: jan bodnar
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| - | # website: zetcode.com
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| - | # last edited: February 2009
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| - |
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| - | import gtk
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| - | import pango
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| - |
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| - | lyrics = """Meet you downstairs in the bar and heard
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| - | your rolled up sleeves and your skull t-shirt
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| - | You say why did you do it with him today?
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| - | and sniff me out like I was Tanqueray
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| - |
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| - | cause you're my fella, my guy
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| - | hand me your stella and fly
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| - | by the time I'm out the door
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| - | you tear men down like Roger Moore
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| - |
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| - | I cheated myself
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| - | like I knew I would
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| - | I told ya, I was trouble
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| - | you know that I'm no good"""
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| - |
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| - | class Area(gtk.DrawingArea):
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| - | def __init__(self):
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| - | super(Area, self).__init__()
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| - | self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(16400, 16400, 16440))
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| - | self.connect("expose_event", self.expose)
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| - |
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| - | def expose(self, widget, event):
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| - |
| |
| - | gc = self.get_style().fg_gc[gtk.STATE_NORMAL]
| |
| - | font_desc = pango.FontDescription('Sans 10')
| |
| - |
| |
| - | layout = self.create_pango_layout(lyrics)
| |
| - | width, height = self.get_size_request()
| |
| - |
| |
| - | attr = pango.AttrList()
| |
| - |
| |
| - | fg_color = pango.AttrForeground(60535, 60535, 60535, 0, -1)
| |
| - | attr.insert(fg_color)
| |
| - |
| |
| - | layout.set_width(pango.SCALE * self.allocation.width)
| |
| - | layout.set_spacing(pango.SCALE * 3)
| |
| - | layout.set_alignment(pango.ALIGN_CENTER)
| |
| - | layout.set_font_description(font_desc)
| |
| - | layout.set_attributes(attr)
| |
| - |
| |
| - | self.window.draw_layout(gc, 0, 5, layout)
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - | class PyApp(gtk.Window):
| |
| - | def __init__(self):
| |
| - | super(PyApp, self).__init__()
| |
| - |
| |
| - | self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
| |
| - | self.set_title("You know I'm no Good")
| |
| - |
| |
| - | self.add(Area())
| |
| - | self.set_size_request(300, 300)
| |
| - | self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
| |
| - | self.show_all()
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - | PyApp()
| |
| - | gtk.main()
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | In the previous examples, we were modifying text in existing widgets. Now we are going to draw the text using the pango layout on the <b>DrawingArea</b> widget. We will be drawing using the <b>Gdk</b> drawing tools.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
| |
| - | gc = self.get_style().fg_gc[gtk.STATE_NORMAL]
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | We get the graphics contex of the drawing area widget.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
| |
| - | layout = self.create_pango_layout(lyrics)
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | Here create the pango layout object.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
| |
| - | layout.set_width(pango.SCALE * self.allocation.width)
| |
| - | layout.set_spacing(pango.SCALE * 3)
| |
| - | layout.set_alignment(pango.ALIGN_CENTER)
| |
| - | layout.set_font_description(font_desc)
| |
| - | layout.set_attributes(attr)
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | We modify layout's width, spacing, alignment, font and set text attributes.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | <source lang="python">
| |
| - | self.window.draw_layout(gc, 0, 5, layout)
| |
| - | </source>
| |
| - |
| |
| - | The layout is being drawn on the window.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | [[image: pygtk_faq_layout.png | center]]
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - | In this chapter of the PyGTK programming library, we further worked with pango library.
| |
| - |
| |
| - | [[Категория:Python]]
| |
| - | [[Категория:GTK]]
| |
