WxPython FAQ Skeletons

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ViGOur (Обсуждение | вклад)
(Новая: In this section, we will create some application skeletons. Our scripts will work out the interface but will not implement the functionality. The goal is to show, how several well known ...)
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Версия 10:11, 19 февраля 2009

In this section, we will create some application skeletons. Our scripts will work out the interface but will not implement the functionality. The goal is to show, how several well known GUI interfaces could be done in wxPython. Most manuals, tutorials and books show only the basic usage of a widget. When I was a beginner, I always wondered how this or this could be done. And I think, many newbies think the same.

File Manager

File Hunter is a skeleton of a file manager. It copies the lookout of the Krusader, the best file manager available on Unix systems. If you double click on the splitter widget, it will divide the File Hunter into two parts with the same width. The same happens, if you resize the main window.

#!/usr/bin/python
 
import wx
import os
import time
 
 
ID_BUTTON=100
ID_EXIT=200
ID_SPLITTER=300
 
class MyListCtrl(wx.ListCtrl):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.ListCtrl.__init__(self, parent, id, style=wx.LC_REPORT)
 
        files = os.listdir('.')
        images = ['images/empty.png', 'images/folder.png', 'images/source_py.png', 
		'images/image.png', 'images/pdf.png', 'images/up16.png']
 
        self.InsertColumn(0, 'Name')
        self.InsertColumn(1, 'Ext')
        self.InsertColumn(2, 'Size', wx.LIST_FORMAT_RIGHT)
        self.InsertColumn(3, 'Modified')
 
        self.SetColumnWidth(0, 220)
        self.SetColumnWidth(1, 70)
        self.SetColumnWidth(2, 100)
        self.SetColumnWidth(3, 420)
 
        self.il = wx.ImageList(16, 16)
        for i in images:
            self.il.Add(wx.Bitmap(i))
        self.SetImageList(self.il, wx.IMAGE_LIST_SMALL)
 
        j = 1
        self.InsertStringItem(0, '..')
        self.SetItemImage(0, 5)
 
        for i in files:
            (name, ext) = os.path.splitext(i)
            ex = ext[1:]
            size = os.path.getsize(i)
            sec = os.path.getmtime(i)
            self.InsertStringItem(j, name)
            self.SetStringItem(j, 1, ex)
            self.SetStringItem(j, 2, str(size) + ' B')
            self.SetStringItem(j, 3, time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M', 
		time.localtime(sec)))
 
            if os.path.isdir(i):
                self.SetItemImage(j, 1)
            elif ex == 'py':
                self.SetItemImage(j, 2)
            elif ex == 'jpg':
                self.SetItemImage(j, 3)
            elif ex == 'pdf':
                self.SetItemImage(j, 4)
            else:
                self.SetItemImage(j, 0)
 
            if (j % 2) == 0:
                self.SetItemBackgroundColour(j, '#e6f1f5')
            j = j + 1
 
 
class FileHunter(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, title)
 
        self.splitter = wx.SplitterWindow(self, ID_SPLITTER, style=wx.SP_BORDER)
        self.splitter.SetMinimumPaneSize(50)
 
        p1 = MyListCtrl(self.splitter, -1)
        p2 = MyListCtrl(self.splitter, -1)
        self.splitter.SplitVertically(p1, p2)
 
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_SPLITTER_DCLICK, self.OnDoubleClick, id=ID_SPLITTER)
 
        filemenu= wx.Menu()
        filemenu.Append(ID_EXIT,"E&xit"," Terminate the program")
        editmenu = wx.Menu()
        netmenu = wx.Menu()
        showmenu = wx.Menu()
        configmenu = wx.Menu()
        helpmenu = wx.Menu()
 
        menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
        menuBar.Append(filemenu,"&File")
        menuBar.Append(editmenu, "&Edit")
        menuBar.Append(netmenu, "&Net")
        menuBar.Append(showmenu, "&Show")
        menuBar.Append(configmenu, "&Config")
        menuBar.Append(helpmenu, "&Help")
        self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnExit, id=ID_EXIT)
 
        tb = self.CreateToolBar( wx.TB_HORIZONTAL | wx.NO_BORDER | 
		wx.TB_FLAT | wx.TB_TEXT)
        tb.AddSimpleTool(10, wx.Bitmap('images/previous.png'), 'Previous')
        tb.AddSimpleTool(20, wx.Bitmap('images/up.png'), 'Up one directory')
        tb.AddSimpleTool(30, wx.Bitmap('images/home.png'), 'Home')
        tb.AddSimpleTool(40, wx.Bitmap('images/refresh.png'), 'Refresh')
        tb.AddSeparator()
        tb.AddSimpleTool(50, wx.Bitmap('images/write.png'), 'Editor')
        tb.AddSimpleTool(60, wx.Bitmap('images/terminal.png'), 'Terminal')
        tb.AddSeparator()
        tb.AddSimpleTool(70, wx.Bitmap('images/help.png'), 'Help')
        tb.Realize()
 
        self.sizer2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
 
        button1 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 1, "F3 View")
        button2 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 2, "F4 Edit")
        button3 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 3, "F5 Copy")
        button4 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 4, "F6 Move")
        button5 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 5, "F7 Mkdir")
        button6 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 6, "F8 Delete")
        button7 = wx.Button(self, ID_BUTTON + 7, "F9 Rename")
        button8 = wx.Button(self, ID_EXIT, "F10 Quit")
 
        self.sizer2.Add(button1, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer2.Add(button2, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer2.Add(button3, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer2.Add(button4, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer2.Add(button5, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer2.Add(button6, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer2.Add(button7, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer2.Add(button8, 1, wx.EXPAND)
 
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnExit, id=ID_EXIT)
 
        self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.sizer.Add(self.splitter,1,wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer.Add(self.sizer2,0,wx.EXPAND)
        self.SetSizer(self.sizer)
 
        size = wx.DisplaySize()
        self.SetSize(size)
 
        self.sb = self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.sb.SetStatusText(os.getcwd())
        self.Center()
        self.Show(True)
 
 
    def OnExit(self,e):
        self.Close(True)
 
    def OnSize(self, event):
        size = self.GetSize()
        self.splitter.SetSashPosition(size.x / 2)
        self.sb.SetStatusText(os.getcwd())
        event.Skip()
 
 
    def OnDoubleClick(self, event):
        size =  self.GetSize()
        self.splitter.SetSashPosition(size.x / 2)
 
app = wx.App(0)
FileHunter(None, -1, 'File Hunter')
app.MainLoop()

SpreadSheet

Gnumeric, KSpread and OpenOffice Calc are famous spreadsheet applications available on Unix. The following example shows a skeleton of a spreadsheet application in wxPython.

Applications have their own life. This is also true for educational scripts. After uprading to wx.Python 2.8.1.1 I realized, that the spreadsheet example does not work. The following line was the problem.

 toolbar2.AddControl(wx.StaticText(toolbar2, -1, '  '))

Of course, we cannot add a widget to itself. But the previous version of the toolkit was happy with it. Under the current version it did not work, signalizing a problem. It might or might not work on the Mac and Windows. Originally, I wanted to add some space between the combo boxes. Under the new version of the toolkit it stopped to work either so I dropped the line.

Besides fixing this bug, I also cleaned the code a bit and replaced the depreciated methods (AddSimpleTool()) of the toolbar with the new ones (AddLabelTool()).

#!/usr/bin/python
# spreadsheet.py
 
from wx.lib import sheet
import wx
 
 
class MySheet(sheet.CSheet):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        sheet.CSheet.__init__(self, parent)
        self.row = self.col = 0
        self.SetNumberRows(55)
        self.SetNumberCols(25)
 
        for i in range(55):
            self.SetRowSize(i, 20)
 
    def OnGridSelectCell(self, event):
        self.row, self.col = event.GetRow(), event.GetCol()
        control = self.GetParent().GetParent().position
        value =  self.GetColLabelValue(self.col) + self.GetRowLabelValue(self.row)
        control.SetValue(value)
        event.Skip()
 
class Newt(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, title, size = (550, 500))
 
        fonts = ['Times New Roman', 'Times', 'Courier', 'Courier New', 'Helvetica',
                'Sans', 'verdana', 'utkal', 'aakar', 'Arial']
        font_sizes = ['10', '11', '12', '14', '16']
 
        box = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
 
        menu1 = wx.Menu()
        menuBar.Append(menu1, '&File')
        menu2 = wx.Menu()
        menuBar.Append(menu2, '&Edit')
        menu3 = wx.Menu()
        menuBar.Append(menu3, '&Edit')
        menu4 = wx.Menu()
        menuBar.Append(menu4, '&Insert')
        menu5 = wx.Menu()
        menuBar.Append(menu5, 'F&ormat')
        menu6 = wx.Menu()
        menuBar.Append(menu6, '&Tools')
        menu7 = wx.Menu()
        menuBar.Append(menu7, '&Data')
        menu8 = wx.Menu()
        menuBar.Append(menu8, '&Help')
 
        self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
 
        toolbar1 = wx.ToolBar(self, -1, style= wx.TB_HORIZONTAL)
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_new.png'))
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_open.png'))
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_save.png'))
        toolbar1.AddSeparator()
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_cut.png'))
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_copy.png'))
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_paste.png'))
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '',  wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_delete.png'))
        toolbar1.AddSeparator()
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_undo.png'))
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_redo.png'))
        toolbar1.AddSeparator()
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/incr22.png'))
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/decr22.png'))
        toolbar1.AddSeparator()
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/chart.xpm'))
        toolbar1.AddSeparator()
        toolbar1.AddLabelTool(-1, '',  wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_exit.png'))
 
        toolbar1.Realize()
 
        toolbar2 = wx.ToolBar(self, wx.TB_HORIZONTAL | wx.TB_TEXT)
 
        self.position = wx.TextCtrl(toolbar2)
        font = wx.ComboBox(toolbar2, -1, value = 'Times', choices=fonts, size=(100, -1),
                style=wx.CB_DROPDOWN)
        font_height = wx.ComboBox(toolbar2, -1, value = '10',  choices=font_sizes,
                size=(50, -1), style=wx.CB_DROPDOWN)
 
        toolbar2.AddControl(self.position)
        toolbar2.AddControl(font)
        toolbar2.AddControl(font_height)
        toolbar2.AddSeparator()
        bold = wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_text_bold.png')
        toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, bold)
        italic = wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_text_italic.png')
        toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, italic)
        under = wx.Bitmap('icons/stock_text_underline.png')
        toolbar2.AddCheckTool(-1, under)
        toolbar2.AddSeparator()
        toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/text_align_left.png'))
        toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/text_align_center.png'))
        toolbar2.AddLabelTool(-1, '', wx.Bitmap('icons/text_align_right.png'))
 
        box.Add(toolbar1, border=5)
        box.Add((5,5) , 0)
        box.Add(toolbar2)
        box.Add((5,10) , 0)
 
        toolbar2.Realize()
        self.SetSizer(box)
        notebook = wx.Notebook(self, -1, style=wx.RIGHT)
 
        sheet1 = MySheet(notebook)
        sheet2 = MySheet(notebook)
        sheet3 = MySheet(notebook)
        sheet1.SetFocus()
 
        notebook.AddPage(sheet1, 'Sheet1')
        notebook.AddPage(sheet2, 'Sheet2')
        notebook.AddPage(sheet3, 'Sheet3')
 
        box.Add(notebook, 1, wx.EXPAND)
 
        self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.Centre()
        self.Show(True)
 
app = wx.App()
Newt(None, -1, 'SpreadSheet')
app.MainLoop()

Much of the code builds the menus and toolbars. Besides, it is quite a simple example.

class MySheet(sheet.CSheet):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        sheet.CSheet.__init__(self, parent)
        self.row = self.col = 0
        self.SetNumberRows(55)
        self.SetNumberCols(25)
 
        for i in range(55):
            self.SetRowSize(i, 20)

The MySheet class inherits from the CSheet class, which is located in thel wx.lib module. It is basically a wx.Grid widget with some additional functionality. We set the row size to 20px. This is purely for aesthetical purpose.

 control = self.GetParent().GetParent().position

The position text control shows the selected cell of the grid widget. It is the first widget of the second toolbar. Being inside a MySheet class, we need to get a reference to the text control, which is defined in the Newt class. MySheet is a child of the notebook. And notebook is a child of Newt. So we manage to get to the position text control by calling the GetParent() method twice.

 notebook = wx.Notebook(self, -1, style=wx.RIGHT)

This is a bug. Under current version of wxPython (on GTK+), right is bottom and bottom is right.

Browser

These days internet browsers are one of the most important applications in the IT world. The best available browsers are Opera and Firefox. We mimic the look of a Firefox in our script.

#!/usr/bin/python
 
import wx
from wx.lib.buttons import GenBitmapTextButton
 
class Browser(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(450, 400))
        panel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
        panel.SetBackgroundColour('WHITE')
 
        menubar = wx.MenuBar()
        file = wx.Menu()
        file.Append(1, '&Quit', '')
        edit = wx.Menu()
        view = wx.Menu()
        go = wx.Menu()
        bookmarks = wx.Menu()
        tools = wx.Menu()
        help = wx.Menu()
 
        menubar.Append(file, '&File')
        menubar.Append(edit, '&Edit')
        menubar.Append(view, '&View')
        menubar.Append(go, '&Go')
        menubar.Append(bookmarks, '&Bookmarks')
        menubar.Append(tools, '&Tools')
        menubar.Append(help, '&Help')
 
        self.SetMenuBar(menubar)
 
        vbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        hbox1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hbox2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        toolbar1 = wx.Panel(panel, -1, size=(-1, 40))
        back = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/back.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        forward = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/forward.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        refresh = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/refresh.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        stop = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/stop.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        home = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/home.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        address = wx.ComboBox(toolbar1, -1, size=(50, -1))
        go = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar1, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/go.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        text = wx.TextCtrl(toolbar1, -1, size=(150, -1))
 
        hbox1.Add(back)
        hbox1.Add(forward)
        hbox1.Add(refresh)
        hbox1.Add(stop)
        hbox1.Add(home)
        hbox1.Add(address, 1, wx.TOP, 4)
        hbox1.Add(go, 0, wx.TOP | wx.LEFT, 4)
        hbox1.Add(text, 0, wx.TOP | wx.RIGHT, 4)
 
        vbox.Add(toolbar1, 0, wx.EXPAND)
        line = wx.StaticLine(panel)
        vbox.Add(line, 0, wx.EXPAND)
 
        toolbar2 = wx.Panel(panel, -1, size=(-1, 30))
        bookmark1 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/love.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        bookmark2 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/books.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        bookmark3 = wx.BitmapButton(toolbar2, -1, wx.Bitmap('icons/sound.png'), 
		style=wx.NO_BORDER)
        hbox2.Add(bookmark1, flag=wx.RIGHT, border=5)
        hbox2.Add(bookmark2, flag=wx.RIGHT, border=5)
        hbox2.Add(bookmark3)
        toolbar2.SetSizer(hbox2)
        vbox.Add(toolbar2, 0, wx.EXPAND)
        line = wx.StaticLine(panel)
        vbox.Add(line, 0, wx.EXPAND)
 
        panel.SetSizer(vbox)
 
        self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.Centre()
        self.Show(True)
 
app = wx.App(0)
Browser(None, -1, 'Browser')
app.MainLoop()

The question was, how to create a sizeable combo box, that is used in both Firefox and Opera? We cannot use a wx.Toolbar. It is not possible to create such a functionality with wx.Toolbar. Confirmed with Robin Dunn. So we must do a workaround.

 toolbar1 = wx.Panel(panel, -1, size=(-1, 40))

The trick is simple. We create a plain wx.Panel.

 hbox1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
 ...
 hbox1.Add(back)
 hbox1.Add(forward)
 hbox1.Add(refresh)

We create a horizontal sizer and add all necessary buttons.

 hbox1.Add(address, 1, wx.TOP, 4)

Then we add the combo box to the sizer. This kind of combo box is usually called an address bar. Notice, that it is the only widget, that has the proportion set to 1. This was necessary to make it resizable.

The second toolbar was created in a similar way. The toolbars are separated by a line. First I thought, it was some kind of a panel border. I tested all possible borders, but it wasn't quite what I expected.

line = wx.StaticLine(panel)

Then I suddently got it. It is a simple static line!

Sometimes, we must create a solution, for which we don't have a suitable widget. By using simple common sense, we can easily find a way.

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