Редактирование: WxWidgets FAQ Dialogs

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Dialog windows or dialogs are an indispensable part of most modern GUI applications. A dialog is defined as a conversation between two or more persons. In a computer application a dialog is a window which is used to "talk" to the application. A dialog is used to input data, modify data, change the application settings etc. Dialogs are important means of communication between a user and a computer program.
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There are essentially two types of dialogs. Predefined dialogs and custom dialogs.
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== Predefined dialogs ==
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Predefined dialogs are dialogs available in the wxWidgets toolkit. These are dialogs for common programming tasks like showing text, receiving input , loading and saving files etc. They save programmer's time and enhance using some  standard behaviour.
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=== Message dialogs ===
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Message dialogs are used to show messages to the user. They are customizable. We can change icons and buttons that will be shown in a dialog.
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include &lt;wx/wx.h&gt;
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class Messages : public wxFrame
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{
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public:
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    Messages(const wxString& title);
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    void ShowMessage1(wxCommandEvent & event);
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    void ShowMessage2(wxCommandEvent & event);
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    void ShowMessage3(wxCommandEvent & event);
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    void ShowMessage4(wxCommandEvent & event);
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};
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const int ID_INFO = 1;
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const int ID_ERROR = 2;
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const int ID_QUESTION = 3;
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const int ID_ALERT = 4;
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include "Messages.h"
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Messages::Messages(const wxString& title)
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      : wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(210, 110))
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{
 +
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  wxPanel *panel = new wxPanel(this, wxID_ANY);
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  wxBoxSizer *hbox = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
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  wxGridSizer *gs = new wxGridSizer(2, 2, 2, 2);
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  wxButton *btn1 = new wxButton(panel, ID_INFO, wxT("Info"));
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  wxButton *btn2 = new wxButton(panel, ID_ERROR, wxT("Error"));
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  wxButton *btn3 = new wxButton(panel, ID_QUESTION, wxT("Question"));
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  wxButton *btn4 = new wxButton(panel, ID_ALERT, wxT("Alert"));
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  Connect(ID_INFO, wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED,
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      wxCommandEventHandler(Messages::ShowMessage1));
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  Connect(ID_ERROR, wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED,
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      wxCommandEventHandler(Messages::ShowMessage2));
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  Connect(ID_QUESTION, wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED,
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      wxCommandEventHandler(Messages::ShowMessage3));
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  Connect(ID_ALERT, wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED,
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      wxCommandEventHandler(Messages::ShowMessage4));
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  gs->Add(btn1, 1, wxEXPAND);
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  gs->Add(btn2, 1);
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  gs->Add(btn3, 1);
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  gs->Add(btn4, 1);
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  hbox->Add(gs, 0, wxALL, 15);
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  panel->SetSizer(hbox);
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 +
  Center();
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}
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void Messages::ShowMessage1(wxCommandEvent& event)
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{
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  wxMessageDialog *dial = new wxMessageDialog(NULL,
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      wxT("Download completed"), wxT("Info"), wxOK);
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  dial->ShowModal();
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}
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void Messages::ShowMessage2(wxCommandEvent& event)
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{
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  wxMessageDialog *dial = new wxMessageDialog(NULL,
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      wxT("Error loading file"), wxT("Error"), wxOK | wxICON_ERROR);
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  dial->ShowModal();
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}
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void Messages::ShowMessage3(wxCommandEvent& event)
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{
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  wxMessageDialog *dial = new wxMessageDialog(NULL,
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      wxT("Are you sure to quit?"), wxT("Question"),
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      wxYES_NO | wxNO_DEFAULT | wxICON_QUESTION);
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  dial->ShowModal();
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}
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void Messages::ShowMessage4(wxCommandEvent& event)
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{
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  wxMessageDialog *dial = new wxMessageDialog(NULL,
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      wxT("Unallowed operation"), wxT("Exclamation"),
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      wxOK | wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
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  dial->ShowModal();
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}
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include &lt;wx/wx.h&gt;
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class MyApp : public wxApp
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{
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  public:
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    virtual bool OnInit();
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};
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include "main.h"
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#include "Messages.h"
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IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
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bool MyApp::OnInit()
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{
 +
 +
  Messages *msgs = new Messages(wxT("Messages"));
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  msgs->Show(true);
 +
 +
  return true;
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}
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</source>
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In our example, we have created four buttons and put them in a grid sizer. These buttons will show four different dialog windows. We create them by specifying different style flags.
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<source lang="cpp">
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wxMessageDialog *dial = new wxMessageDialog(NULL,
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    wxT("Error loading file"), wxT("Error"), wxOK | wxICON_ERROR);
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dial->ShowModal();
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</source>
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The creation of the message dialog is simple. We set the dialog to be a toplevel window by providing NULL as a parent. The two strings provide the message text and the dialog title. We show an ok button and an error icon by specifying the wxOK and wxICON_ERROR flags. To show the dialog on screen, we call the <i>ShowModal()</i> method.
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[[image: wxwidgets_faq_idialog.jpg | center]]
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[[image: wxwidgets_faq_qdialog.jpg | center]]
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[[image: wxwidgets_faq_adialog.jpg | center]]
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[[image: wxwidgets_faq_edialog.jpg | center]]
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=== wxFileDialog ===
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This is a common dialog for opening and saving files.
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include &lt;wx/wx.h&gt;
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class Openfile : public wxFrame
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{
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public:
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  Openfile(const wxString& title);
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  void OnOpen(wxCommandEvent& event);
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  wxTextCtrl *tc;
 +
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};
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include "openfile.h"
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Openfile::Openfile(const wxString & title)
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      : wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(300, 200))
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{
 +
 +
  wxMenuBar *menubar = new wxMenuBar;
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  wxMenu *file = new wxMenu;
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  file->Append(wxID_OPEN, wxT("&Open"));
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  menubar->Append(file, wxT("&File"));
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  SetMenuBar(menubar);
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  Connect(wxID_OPEN, wxEVT_COMMAND_MENU_SELECTED,
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      wxCommandEventHandler(Openfile::OnOpen));
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 +
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  tc = new wxTextCtrl(this, -1, wxT(""), wxPoint(-1, -1),
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      wxSize(-1, -1), wxTE_MULTILINE);
 +
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  Center();
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}
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void Openfile::OnOpen(wxCommandEvent& event)
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{
 +
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  wxFileDialog * openFileDialog = new wxFileDialog(this);
 +
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  if (openFileDialog->ShowModal() == wxID_OK){
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      wxString fileName = openFileDialog->GetPath();
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      tc->LoadFile(fileName);   
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  }
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}
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include &lt;wx/wx.h&gt;
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class MyApp : public wxApp
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{
 +
  public:
 +
    virtual bool OnInit();
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};
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include "main.h"
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#include "openfile.h"
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IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
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bool MyApp::OnInit()
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{
 +
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    Openfile *open = new Openfile(wxT("Openfile"));
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    open->Show(true);
 +
 +
    return true;
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}
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</source>
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In our example, we display a open file menu item and a simple multiline text control. If we click on the open file menu item a <i>wxFileDialog</i> is displayed. We can load some simple text files into the text control.
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<source lang="cpp">
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tc = new wxTextCtrl(this, -1, wxT(""), wxPoint(-1, -1),
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    wxSize(-1, -1), wxTE_MULTILINE);
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</source>
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We load text files into this text control.
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<source lang="cpp">
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wxFileDialog * openFileDialog = new wxFileDialog(this);
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</source>
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Here we create a wxFileDialog. We use the default parameters. (The open file dialog is the default dialog.)
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<source lang="cpp">
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if (openFileDialog->ShowModal() == wxID_OK){
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    wxString fileName = openFileDialog->GetPath();
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    tc->LoadFile(fileName);   
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}
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</source>
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Here we show the dialog. We get the selected file name and load the file into the text control.
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[[image: wxwidgets_faq_wxfiledialog.jpg | center]]
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=== wxFontDialog ===
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This is a common dialog for choosing a font.
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include &lt;wx/wx.h&gt;
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class ChangeFont : public wxFrame
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{
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public:
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  ChangeFont(const wxString& title);
 +
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  void OnOpen(wxCommandEvent& event);
 +
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  wxStaticText *st;
 +
 +
};
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const int ID_FONTDIALOG = 1;
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include &lt;wx/fontdlg.h&gt;
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#include "fontdialog.h"
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ChangeFont::ChangeFont(const wxString & title)
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      : wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(300, 200))
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{
 +
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  wxPanel *panel = new wxPanel(this, -1);
 +
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  wxMenuBar *menubar = new wxMenuBar;
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  wxMenu *file = new wxMenu;
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  file->Append(ID_FONTDIALOG, wxT("&Change font"));
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  menubar->Append(file, wxT("&File"));
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  SetMenuBar(menubar);
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  Connect(ID_FONTDIALOG, wxEVT_COMMAND_MENU_SELECTED,
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      wxCommandEventHandler(ChangeFont::OnOpen));
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  st = new wxStaticText(panel, wxID_ANY, wxT("The Agoge"),
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      wxPoint(20, 20));
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  Center();
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}
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 +
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void ChangeFont::OnOpen(wxCommandEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
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{
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  wxFontDialog *fontDialog = new wxFontDialog(this);
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  if (fontDialog->ShowModal() == wxID_OK) {
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    st->SetFont(fontDialog->GetFontData().GetChosenFont());
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  }
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}
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 +
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include &lt;wx/wx.h&gt;
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class MyApp : public wxApp
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{
 +
  public:
 +
    virtual bool OnInit();
 +
};
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</source>
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include "main.h"
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#include "fontdialog.h"
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IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
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bool MyApp::OnInit()
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{
 +
 +
    ChangeFont *change = new ChangeFont(wxT("Change font"));
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    change->Show(true);
 +
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    return true;
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}
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 +
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</source>
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In this example, we will change the font of a static text example.
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<source lang="cpp">
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  st = new wxStaticText(panel, wxID_ANY, wxT("The Agoge"),
 +
      wxPoint(20, 20));
 +
</source>
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Here we display a static text on the panel. We will change it's font using the <i>wxFontDialog</i>.
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<source lang="cpp">
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  wxFontDialog *fontDialog = new wxFontDialog(this);
 +
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  if (fontDialog->ShowModal() == wxID_OK) {
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    st->SetFont(fontDialog->GetFontData().GetChosenFont());
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  }
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</source>
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In these code lines, we show the font dialog. Then we get the choosen font. And finally, we change the font of the static text, we created earlier.
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 +
[[image: wxwidgets_faq_fontdialog.jpg | center]]
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 +
== A custom dialog ==
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In the next example we create a custom dialog. An image editing application can change a color depth of a picture. To provide this funcionality, we could create a suitable custom dialog.
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<source lang="cpp">
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#include &lt;wx/wx.h&gt;
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class CustomDialog : public wxDialog
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{
 +
public:
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  CustomDialog(const wxString& title);
 +
 +
};
 +
 +
</source>
 +
 +
<source lang="cpp">
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#include "customdialog.h"
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 +
CustomDialog::CustomDialog(const wxString & title)
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      : wxDialog(NULL, -1, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(250, 230))
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{
 +
 +
  wxPanel *panel = new wxPanel(this, -1);
 +
 +
  wxBoxSizer *vbox = new wxBoxSizer(wxVERTICAL);
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  wxBoxSizer *hbox = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL);
 +
 +
  wxStaticBox *st = new wxStaticBox(panel, -1, wxT("Colors"),
 +
      wxPoint(5, 5), wxSize(240, 150));
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  wxRadioButton *rb = new wxRadioButton(panel, -1,
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      wxT("256 Colors"), wxPoint(15, 30), wxDefaultSize, wxRB_GROUP);
 +
 +
  wxRadioButton *rb1 = new wxRadioButton(panel, -1,
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      wxT("16 Colors"), wxPoint(15, 55));
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  wxRadioButton *rb2 = new wxRadioButton(panel, -1,
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      wxT("2 Colors"), wxPoint(15, 80));
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  wxRadioButton *rb3 = new wxRadioButton(panel, -1,
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      wxT("Custom"), wxPoint(15, 105));
 +
  wxTextCtrl *tc = new wxTextCtrl(panel, -1, wxT(""),
 +
      wxPoint(95, 105));
 +
 +
  wxButton *okButton = new wxButton(this, -1, wxT("Ok"),
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      wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(70, 30));
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  wxButton *closeButton = new wxButton(this, -1, wxT("Close"),
 +
      wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(70, 30));
 +
 +
  hbox->Add(okButton, 1);
 +
  hbox->Add(closeButton, 1, wxLEFT, 5);
 +
 +
  vbox->Add(panel, 1);
 +
  vbox->Add(hbox, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER | wxTOP | wxBOTTOM, 10);
 +
 +
  SetSizer(vbox);
 +
 +
  Centre();
 +
  ShowModal();
 +
 +
  Destroy();
 +
}
 +
 +
</source>
 +
 +
<source lang="cpp">
 +
#include &lt;wx/wx.h&gt;
 +
 +
class MyApp : public wxApp
 +
{
 +
  public:
 +
    virtual bool OnInit();
 +
};
 +
</source>
 +
 +
<source lang="cpp">
 +
#include "main.h"
 +
#include "customdialog.h"
 +
 +
IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp)
 +
 +
bool MyApp::OnInit()
 +
{
 +
 +
    CustomDialog *custom = new CustomDialog(wxT("CustomDialog"));
 +
    custom->Show(true);
 +
 +
    return true;
 +
}
 +
 +
</source>
 +
 +
This example is a dialog based application. We illustrate, how to create a custom dialog.
 +
 +
<source lang="cpp">
 +
class CustomDialog : public wxDialog
 +
</source>
 +
 +
A custom dialog is based on the <i>wxDialog</i> class.
 +
 +
<source lang="cpp">
 +
  wxStaticBox *st = new wxStaticBox(panel, -1, wxT("Colors"),
 +
      wxPoint(5, 5), wxSize(240, 150));
 +
  wxRadioButton *rb = new wxRadioButton(panel, -1,
 +
      wxT("256 Colors"), wxPoint(15, 30), wxDefaultSize, wxRB_GROUP);
 +
</source>
 +
 +
Note that <i>wxStaticBox</i> widget must be created before the widgets that it contains, and that those widgets should be siblings, not children, of the static box.
 +
 +
<source lang="cpp">
 +
ShowModal();
 +
Destroy();
 +
</source>
 +
 +
To show the dialog on the screen, we call the <i>ShowModal()</i> method. To clear the dialog from the memory, we call the <i>Destroy()</i> method.
 +
 +
[[image: wxwidgets_faq_customdialog.jpg | center]]
 +
 +
[[Категория:WxWidgets]]

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Источник — «http://www.wiki.crossplatform.ru/index.php/WxWidgets_FAQ_Dialogs»